Extended-Dimension BIM-5D Applications in Engineering General Contracting Mode

Abstract

This study positions Building Information Modeling (BIM) - 5 Dimensional (5D), a BIM extension that combines a 3D model with time and cost dimensions, as the central digital support for an integrated management system across design, procurement, and construction in the face of ongoing cost escalation, schedule slippage, and phase discontinuities in Engineering-Procurement-Construction (EPC) projects. Three analytical axes are used in the discussion: (i) multi-actor and cross-disciplinary collaboration; (ii) execution that is focused on efficiency and precision; and (iii) intelligent and green construction. Research demonstrates that BIM-5D reduces design-site discrepancies, rework, and change orders by connecting design and construction through model-based review and virtual construction. EPC contractors may run a closed loop between plan and execution thanks to the framework's ability to tie component-level quantity take-offs to budgeting, synchronize them with 4D schedule visualization, and provide deviation notifications. Simulated energy use at the same time. Environmental monitoring and Internet of Things (IoT) field data facilitate scenario-based resource allocation and reduce material and carbon waste. All things considered, EPC projects that use BIM-5D can accelerate the transition to green and intelligent delivery by moving toward a data-driven, whole-process governance paradigm where quality, time, and cost are jointly managed and auditable.