Transactions on Engineering and Technology Research
Transactions on Engineering and Technology Research (TETR) aims to publish peer-reviewed proceedings from conferences on the theories and methods in all fields of engineering, technology and their applications, all engineering and technology disciplines are covered by the aims and scope of the journal: civil, architectural, naval, mechanical, electrical, electronic, automatic engineering as well as nanotechnology and metrology.
Research on the application of smart construction sites in construction safety engineering
With the continuous acceleration of the digitalization process of the construction industry, the traditional safety management method that relies on manual inspection has gradually become lagging and limited. The emergence of smart construction site technology provides new solutions to this problem. Through tools such as the Internet of Things, BIM, big data and artificial intelligence, the construction site can realize real-time monitoring of personnel and equipment, and carry out intelligent analysis and early warning intervention on this basis, so as to promote the gradual transformation of safety management from "post-processing" to "pre-prevention and dynamic control". This paper focuses on the application practice of smart construction sites in personnel and equipment management. In terms of personnel management, measures such as real-name attendance, smart helmets and AI identification have made risk identification more timely and accurate; In terms of equipment management, intelligent monitoring and predictive maintenance of key facilities such as tower cranes, elevators and deep foundation pits effectively reduce the incidence of accidents. Research shows that smart construction sites are not only superimposed on technology, but also reflect the deep combination of safety concepts and digital management, providing a new path for building safety governance.
smart construction site; building safety management; Internet of Things; BIM. Artificial intelligence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Transactions on Engineering and Technology Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Application of an AI-Enhanced BIM Framework in Super-tall Buildings: A Focus on Wind Effects and Space Efficiency
Super-tall buildings are becoming increasingly prevalent, and in the future, super-tall buildings may become a major field of civil engineering. Due to its characteristics, BIM and AI need to be used to solve the problem. Now, BIM and AI are becoming more and more popular, and super-tall buildings have some questions that BIM can easily answer. This study identifies key challenges, such as wind effects and space efficiency. To address these challenges, a comprehensive analysis of existing literature and case studies was conducted. This study analyzes the problem and searched for much research to find others’ findings on these questions. The proposed solutions leverage AI algorithms for predictive wind analysis and BIM for spatial configuration optimization, and support these suggestions with a comprehensive review of existing literature. This study found the questions super-tall buildings faced and reasonable ways to solve the problem. The study underscores the potential of AI-BIM integration to enhance the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of future super-tall buildings.
Supertall Buildings; Building Information Modeling (BIM); Artificial Intelligence (AI); Wind Effect Analysis; Space Optimization.
The Symbiosis of Casualty and Religion: Re-functioning the Ancient Pagodas
This essay investigates how ancient Buddhist pagodas in urban China can be re-envisioned to integrate spirituality into daily life, reconciling sacredness with modern informality. It examines the evolving role of religious architecture, particularly how young people engage with ritual and symbolism in casual, contemporary ways. Through a design proposal inspired by the Yingxian Pagoda’s geometrical hierarchy, this study emphasizes spatial strategies—such as descending zones and octagonal spaces—that enable a harmonious balance between sacred and secular functions. The proposal aims to resolve conflicts between the pagoda’s traditional spiritual significance and the dynamic social practices of younger generations, promoting a civic identity that reflects both cultural heritage and contemporary urban needs. This research concludes that thoughtfully re-functioned pagodas can serve as vibrant urban landmarks fostering spirituality within everyday experiences.
Buddhist pagodas, religious architecture, spirituality, urban design, sacred and secular integration, Yingxian Pagoda, spatial hierarchy, contemporary Chinese society.
Project Quality Risk Identification and Assessment Strategy Analysis
In the current context of increasingly fierce market competition, project quality has become an important factor for modern enterprises to improve their own competitiveness, and whether the project is successful or not. But there are so many uncertainties― project quality risks―in all stages of the project's life cycle. Neglecting the identification and management of these risks may lead to severe, even irreversible consequences. This paper first explains the importance of project quality risk identification and evaluation. It then examines the theoretical foundations and limitations of existing mainstream project quality risk identification strategies and evaluation methods. Finally, this includes the introduction of big data analytics to enhance the accuracy of risk identification. It makes some improvements and optimizations to solve the shortcomings of mainstream exams. to improve the scientific nature, the adaptability, and the decision credibility of risk management, and to gradually form a more intelligent, dynamic, and integrative project's quality risk management system, provide assurance for project success.
Project quality risk; identification and control; refinement and optimization; risk management.
A Review of the Research on Architectural Design and Microclimate Collaborative Optimization of High-Density Blocks
In the context of the continuous acceleration of global urbanization, according to the statistics of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, the proportion of global urban population has exceeded 55% by 2025. The concentration of population in urban core areas has prompted high-density communities to become the dominant form of urban space development. High-density communities, due to their advantage of intensive utilization of land resources, effectively alleviate the contradiction of tight urban construction land. They are in line with the land use efficiency goals of sustainable urban development. However, due to the high building density, natural ventilation is often blocked and the heat island effect intensifies, thereby affecting the quality of the living environment. This paper focuses on the collaborative optimization of architectural design for high-density blocks and the microclimate environment, and discusses the related concepts and theoretical foundations of high-density blocks and microclimate environment, including urban climatology and human environmental comfort. By analyzing the mechanism of the impact of urban architectural forms on wind environment, thermal environment and radiation environment, it explores the path of improving residents' comfort by improving the urban form, providing theoretical basis and practical reference for alleviating the contradiction between high-density urban development and livability.
High-density blocks; Architectural design; Microclimate; Mollaborative optimization; Environmental regulation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Transactions on Engineering and Technology Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Digital Twin for Smart Buildings: Enabling Technologies, Lifecycle Applications, and Emerging Frontiers
Digital Twin (DT) is an advanced evolution of Building Information Modeling (BIM) that allows interactive data management throughout the life cycle of smart buildings. This systematic review aims to argue that the evolution from static BIM to interactive DTs can be described in five evolutionary stages due to the breakthroughs in data protocols, rendering, and interaction modalities. Furthermore, by leveraging IoT, real-time analytics, and AI, DTs can improve the simulation, monitoring, and optimization of the building's life cycle in the design, construction, and operation stages. This systematic review investigates the technological evolution from static BIM to interactive digital twins and discusses the supporting technologies, including open data protocols, real-time rendering, and immersive interaction modalities. This study also addresses the five main application areas, including collaborative design, construction supervision, and predictive maintenance, and discusses the existing challenges related to data interoperability, model accuracy, and cybersecurity. In the future, breakthroughs in AI, extended reality (XR), scalable platforms, and urban-scale digital twins will drive the development of this field. Looking forward, the review identifies that the combination of AI, extended reality (XR), and scalable platforms will drive the development of this field. Despite existing challenges, this systematic review argues that DTs will become a key enabler of digitalization in the AEC industry to achieve unprecedented levels of efficiency, sustainability, and intelligence.
Digital Twin; BIM; Smart Building; IoT; Lifecycle Application.
BIM Application in Life-Cycle Cost Management of Construction Projects
With the development of the construction industry, the traditional cost management model for construction projects is increasingly inadequate to address the challenges of modern engineering. Life-cycle cost management provides a new approach for construction project cost management, and BIM technology can effectively enhance its quality and efficiency. However, BIM technology still faces some obstacles in practical application, and its advantages are not being fully exerted. This paper summarizes the application advantages of BIM technology in life-cycle cost management of construction projects, analyzes the synergistic effect of BIM in cost management workflow, summarizes the obstacles encountered in the application of BIM technology in practical cost management, and attempts to propose several coping strategies. The fundamental reason why BIM technology can effectively enhance the efficiency of cost management lies in its collaborative capabilities at the three levels of information carrier, data processing, and management process. The main obstacles encountered in the application of BIM technology include the obstruction of workflow integration, high application costs, and data distortion blockage. This can be addressed by cultivating compound talents, improving the existing workflow, and enhancing information sharing during the working process. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for both researchers and practitioners, and aim to promote the development of BIM life-cycle cost management.
Building Information Modeling (BIM); Life-cycle Cost Management; Construction Projects; Collaboration; Implementation Barriers.
Integrated Technology and System for Risk and Safety Management in Smart Construction
With the advancement of the “dual carbon” strategy and the acceleration of digital transformation in the construction industry, smart construction sites have become a key path to enhancing construction safety and efficiency. This article systematically reviews the application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in the integrated management of risks and safety in intelligent construction, covering the system architecture, key technologies, typical application scenarios, and future development trends. It analyzes the four-layer IoT architecture (perception, network, platform, and application) and explores the synergistic role of key technologies, including BIM, digital twins, AI video analytics, and electronic geofencing. Case studies demonstrate that this IoT-driven approach to IRSM can significantly reduce injury rates, shorten project durations, and improve overall operational efficiency. Finally, the study identifies persistent challenges—including technical integration complexities, data security concerns, and cost-benefit standardization—and proposes future research directions towards the integration of 5G, AI, edge computing, and green construction principles.
Smart Construction Site; Internet of Things (IoT); Integrated Risk and Safety Management (IRSM); Digital Twin; Construction 4.0.
Exploring the Development Status and Prospects of 3D Printed Construction Technology
Environmental, economic, and social pressures on the construction industry make it paradigm-shifting. The traditional construction methods are undergoing mounting problems in terms of resource scarcity, excessive energy use, and the generation of waste, which are demanding solutions. The history and future of 3D printed construction technology (C3DP) are of interest to this paper, as the technology has become a disruptive technology that can transform the art of architecture and construction. The technical concepts, case studies, and the difficulties of regulation are reviewed through the qualitative literature analysis. As evidenced by two case studies, the Milestone Project of the Netherlands and the Chicon House of the United States, C3DP can cause housing to be cheaper, faster, and more sustainable, and the issue of partial automation, long-term resistance, and code standardization has been identified. C3DP has been discovered to have colossal advantages concerning planability, productivity of projects, as well as environmental friendliness, and its extensive use requires homogeneity of materials, regulatory flexibility, and economic sustainability. Of course, at present, 3D printed buildings are still in the transitional stages. Nevertheless, it incorporates digital technologies, materials with low carbon, and global housing programs, which will be an opportunity for a more sustainable and innovative future of the construction industry.
Additive manufacturing; sustainable architecture; construction technology; housing innovation 3D printed construction.
Visualization of Carbon Footprint Across the Entire Lifecycle of Hospital Buildings Based on Building Information Modeling and Life Cycle Assessment
This study systematically investigates the application of integrated Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) technology for visualizing the carbon footprint throughout the entire lifecycle of hospital buildings. The research begins by analyzing the distinctive characteristics of hospital buildings as major energy consumers and carbon emitters, as well as the limitations of traditional carbon accounting methods, demonstrating the advantages of BIM-LCA integration in data aggregation, efficient accounting, and visual representation. It then delves into the implementation pathways, key technologies, and specific application scenarios for carbon footprint visualization across the four main stages of a hospital's lifecycle. In the design stage, parametric simulation and multi-scenario comparison enable proactive prediction and optimization of the carbon footprint. During the construction stage, dynamic management of construction process emissions is achieved through 4D carbon simulation and material management. For the operation and maintenance stage, a Building Information Modeling-Life Cycle Assessment- Internet of Thing (BIM-LCA-IoT) digital twin system is constructed to enable real-time monitoring and precise control of energy consumption and carbon emissions. In the demolition stage, a feasible technical pathway is proposed by leveraging the model for waste quantification and recycling scenario evaluation, supporting green demolition decisions. Finally, the paper summarizes current challenges, such as data standards and platform interoperability, and outlines future directions for the deep integration of technology and applications. This research provides a systematic technical framework and practical reference for achieving visible, manageable, and controllable carbon footprint management throughout the entire lifecycle of hospital buildings.
LCA; carbon footprint visualization; whole life cycle; hospital buildings; digital twin.
Assessing the Impact of Adaptive Traffic Signals on Manhattan’s Traffic Pattern Using Origin-Destination Analysis and YOLOv8 Real-Time Detection Model
Adaptive Traffic Signal Systems (ATS) have been implemented in Manhattan in an effort to reduce congestion and enhance roadway efficiency, yet their broader impacts on redistributions of traffic have been insufficiently explored. This research estimates the long-term effects of ATS by leveraging the combined application of three supporting methodologies: (1) a comparison of traffic volumes between 2011 and 2018, (2) an Origin–Destination (O-D) examination of trip distributions, and (3) in real-time vehicle detection via the YOLOv8 deep learning algorithm. This research finds a systematic shift and redistribution in traffic volumes between 2011 and 2018. Notably decreased volumes were observed in central north–south corridors like 5th and 6th Avenues, while coastal highways, such as the FDR Drive and West Side Highway, showed considerable increases. O-D analysis put these changes into context by demonstrating that origins have steadily concentrated in outer boroughs while destinations shifted from Lower Manhattan to Midtown West. Finally, YOLOv8-based examination of 2024 traffic data verified that these patterns continue to exist in the mature ATS network.
Adaptive Traffic Signals; Traffic Volume Redistribution; Origin–Destination Analysis; YOLOv8; Urban Mobility; Manhattan; Smart Transportation Systems.
Review on the Innovation of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Materials and the Frontier of Engineering Applications
With the aging of infrastructure worldwide and people's increased demand for green and smart construction, Ordinary concrete is facing a series of problems such as poor durability, environmental adaptability, and short service life. In many cases, frequent maintenance and premature replacement of ordinary concrete structures not only increase costs but also cause resource waste and environmental burden. Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has good strength, impermeability, and durability and plays an important role in leading the innovation of civil engineering. Compared with traditional concrete, UHPC provides a denser microstructure, superior crack resistance, and longer service life, which makes it highly suitable for bridges, high-rise buildings, and harsh environmental conditions. In this paper, we summarize some new results on UHPC materials, design methods, processing techniques, functions, and engineering applications from five aspects, including its existing predictions about performances, preparation schemes, pre-processing solution schemes, and practical applications; moreover, special attention is given to the integration of advanced characterization technologies and computational simulation in predicting UHPC performance, which provides more accurate guidance for material optimization. At the same time, we also discuss issues that require more urgent solutions concerning UHPC, such as cost, structural adaptability, and standardized practice exploration as well as the need for recycling strategies and sustainable raw material utilization for the development and application of UHPC to promote intelligent, low-carbon, and modular construction, which are conducive to advancing UHPC engineering and standardization.
UHPC; Material Design; Fiber Reinforcement; SSUHPC; Engineering Applications.
Exploration of paths related to green highway planning and design based on the whole life cycle
In recent years, highways, as an important infrastructure in the field of transportation, have played a significant role in economic development, people's travel and other aspects. However, with the expansion of scale and the increase of operation mileage, the conflict between highway and environment is also becoming increasingly serious. In order to implement China's ecological civilization construction concept, the whole life cycle of the green highway has gradually turned into an industry-oriented, including energy-saving and environmentally friendly projects such as the Tarim Desert Highway. This paper will start from the current situation of green highways. Based on the green concept, it will cover three phases: preliminary planning, construction and implementation, as well as operation and maintenance. Through aspects like the case route design, material selection, and construction technology, it aims to explore the high - quality development path for the whole - life cycle of green highways and enhance planning and design. From the dimensions of material, management, and infrastructure, it synergistically boosts highway transformation. Meanwhile, it provides reference for its high-quality development.
Green highway; Whole life cycle; Ecological conservation; Resource recycling; Planning and design.
A Review of Structural Optimization Design Schemes for Small and Medium-Sized Wooden Boats
As a significant milestone in the history of shipbuilding, wooden vessels—through their craftsmanship, structural design, and cultural connotations—continue to offer valuable insights for contemporary naval architecture. With the decline in practical functionality and research attention, structural optimization has become increasingly important—not only as a scientific validation of traditional craftsmanship, but also as a means of safeguarding and transmitting material culture. Drawing on case studies and comparative analysis, this paper reviews feasible approaches to structural optimization of small- and medium-sized wooden vessels from four perspectives: lightweight design, enhancement of crashworthiness, improvement of navigational stability, and material reinforcement, thereby providing a reference for the innovation and development of traditional craftsmanship.
Traditional wooden ships; structural optimization; impact resistance; lightweight design.
Application and Development of Smart Construction Technology in Prefabricated Buildings
The construction industry has been developing continuously, and the industry is in need of construction methods that keep pace with the times. Prefabricated buildings, as a modern construction method, have attracted much attention for their ability to shorten the construction period and offer greater convenience. Due to factors such as the short development time and weak foundation of prefabricated building technology in China, a series of problems have arisen in the actual construction process. For instance, the quality of prefabricated components varies; the on-site placement of components is disorderly; and the placement of various equipment at the construction site is non-standard. This paper summarizes the application and development in prefabricated buildings, and also summarizes the existing problems in prefabricated buildings through BIM technology and blockchain technology within intelligent construction. Through BIM technology and blockchain technology, the whole-process data of prefabricated buildings is summarized and managed. Core data is encrypted and stored to ensure data security. This helps reduce losses in construction projects, plays a guiding role in the projects, and enhances the control over construction progress and construction sites. The application of intelligent construction technology in prefabricated buildings is currently in good condition, and it will have broader application prospects in the future.
Intelligent construction; Prefabricated building; Building information modeling; Blockchain.
The Application of Building Information Modeling Technology in the Whole Life Cycle of Buildings
With the rapid development of information technology, the construction industry is undergoing a profound transformation from traditional two-dimensional design to digitalization and informatization. Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology is the core driving force of this transformation. BIM enables efficient collaboration across all project stages by constructing a multi-dimensional data model covering the entire building lifecycle. However, most existing BIM research focuses on specific stages, lacking a systematic exploration of integrated applications throughout the entire lifecycle. This paper examines the application of BIM technology throughout the building lifecycle, analyzes its specific practices at different stages, and studies its integration mechanisms. Through a literature review and case studies, this paper explores the role of BIM in improving overall project efficiency. Research shows that BIM technology has significant value throughout the building lifecycle: in the design phase, it improves design quality through parametric modeling and simulation experiments; in the construction phase, it enables dynamic management and real-time control of construction through the integration of 4-Dimensional (4D) simulation technology and the Internet of Things (IoT); and in the operation and maintenance phase, it supports intelligent management as a digital asset. Practical data shows that BIM applications can reduce building energy consumption by approximately 20%, improve construction efficiency by more than 20%, and improve maintenance efficiency by 30%. In the future, should strengthen cross-stage data integration of BIM, continuously explore the integration of BIM with emerging technologies, and promote its transformation from "point-to-point application" to "full-process empowerment".
Building information modeling; full life cycle; internet of things sensors; digital twins.
Low-carbon Application of Renewable Concrete in Green Buildings
In recent years, the rapid development of the construction industry has driven a continuous rise in the consumption of building materials. Meanwhile, the concept of green development has increasingly taken root in people's minds, and the recycling and reuse of building materials have gradually become a focus of attention in industry. This initiative can not only reduce resource waste and alleviate environmental carrying pressure but also effectively control construction costs, thus having both ecological and economic value. As the most widely used basic material in construction projects, the recycling of concrete is of crucial significance to the development of green buildings. This paper first elaborates on the core definition of green buildings, clarifies their core connotations of energy conservation, environmental protection, and sustainable development, and introduces the evaluation criteria for green buildings in terms of resource utilization and environmental impact. It then focuses on analyzing two mainstream types of recycled concrete: one is recycled concrete based on aggregate recycling, and the other is recycled concrete prepared from industrial waste and by-products. At the same time, it objectively examines the advantages and disadvantages of these two types of recycled concrete in terms of performance, cost, and environmental friendliness. Finally, the study concludes that there are still deficiencies in the current technical systems, evaluation criteria, and application research related to recycled concrete, which need to be further improved and optimized, so as to provide directional references for the development of green building materials in the future.
Green buildings; recycling material; renewable concrete.
Application of Building Information Modeling Technology in Pile Foundation Engineering
The construction industry is currently in a period of profound transformation. In a market environment with a shrinking number of projects, improving construction efficiency, reducing production costs, and simplifying construction processes have become core survival issues for all construction units. Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology, with its advantages in visualization, collaboration, and digitization, is widely regarded as a key solution to these challenges. This paper focuses on two core research themes: first, systematically sorting out existing research results on BIM technology to verify its practical ability to improve construction efficiency, reduce costs, and optimize processes; second, in-depth exploration of the integration path between BIM technology and specific construction links to clarify practical methods for technology implementation. Taking pile foundation engineering as the research entry point, through analysis of practical cases and verification of technical applications, the core conclusion is drawn: BIM technology can effectively improve the construction of pile foundation projects. However, the application of the technology still faces practical obstacles. On one hand, construction workers have long relied on traditional operation modes, and adapting to BIM digital tools requires professional training and a transitional period of practice. On the other hand, the data interfaces between BIM systems and existing project management, equipment control and other systems are not unified, making it difficult to achieve full-process information integration. These issues require further research to break through.
Building Information Modeling; Plie Construction; Engineering Management.
Extended-Dimension BIM-5D Applications in Engineering General Contracting Mode
This study positions Building Information Modeling (BIM) - 5 Dimensional (5D), a BIM extension that combines a 3D model with time and cost dimensions, as the central digital support for an integrated management system across design, procurement, and construction in the face of ongoing cost escalation, schedule slippage, and phase discontinuities in Engineering-Procurement-Construction (EPC) projects. Three analytical axes are used in the discussion: (i) multi-actor and cross-disciplinary collaboration; (ii) execution that is focused on efficiency and precision; and (iii) intelligent and green construction. Research demonstrates that BIM-5D reduces design-site discrepancies, rework, and change orders by connecting design and construction through model-based review and virtual construction. EPC contractors may run a closed loop between plan and execution thanks to the framework's ability to tie component-level quantity take-offs to budgeting, synchronize them with 4D schedule visualization, and provide deviation notifications. Simulated energy use at the same time. Environmental monitoring and Internet of Things (IoT) field data facilitate scenario-based resource allocation and reduce material and carbon waste. All things considered, EPC projects that use BIM-5D can accelerate the transition to green and intelligent delivery by moving toward a data-driven, whole-process governance paradigm where quality, time, and cost are jointly managed and auditable.
Building information modeling; Engineering-procurement-construction projects; Green and intelligent construction.
Factors Affecting Quality Control and Optimization during Building Construction
Quality control during the construction phase of building engineering is a core element determining project safety. This paper systematically analyses the multidimensional factors affecting construction quality, focusing on the impacts and problems caused by human factors, time factors, geological and climatic factors, and engineering materials and equipment. Based on these problems, targeted optimization suggestions are proposed, including establishing a systematic and hierarchical governance system to strengthen personnel management, constructing a collaborative management system for schedule and quality to address time risks, establishing a survey-monitoring-prevention system to address environmental and climatic impacts, and building a digital traceability and intelligent operation and maintenance system to address risks related to engineering materials and equipment. This paper aims to provide references and practical paths for improving construction quality, contributing to the high-quality, sustainable development of the construction industry. This study focuses on the core issues of construction quality, and the systematic countermeasures proposed have a strong practical guiding significance, which can effectively enhance engineering quality.
Building Construction; Factors Affecting Construction Quality; Quality Control; Optimization.
BIM Technology Empowers the Digital Transformation of Smart Construction
With the continuous advancement of digitalization and intelligentization in the construction industry, BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology has become an important tool for promoting intelligent construction and industrial digital transformation. Through its visualization, parametric, and information-based features, BIM provides data support and a collaborative platform for the design, construction, and operation and maintenance of buildings throughout their entire lifecycle. However, the deep integration of BIM technology into intelligent construction in China is still insufficient, especially in terms of collaboration with new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain, where a complete system has not yet been formed. This paper analyzes the key paths for BIM technology to empower intelligent construction from the three stages of design, construction, and operation and maintenance, and explores its support system construction mechanism in digital transformation. Research shows that BIM is not only a core tool for building information management, but also an important foundation for promoting the transformation of the construction industry from experience-driven to data-driven, and from isolated operations to collaborative construction. Through technological integration and organizational change, BIM will further promote intelligent decision-making, intelligent construction, and intelligent operation and maintenance in the construction industry, providing new impetus for the high-quality development of China's construction industry.
BIM technology; intelligent construction; digital transformation; building information modeling; artificial intelligence.
An Exploration of Carbon Emissions Throughout the Entire Lifecycle of Kindergarten Buildings—Exemplified by a Kindergarten in China
This study used the IstructE tool to assess the carbon footprint of a kindergarten in China, in order to explore the uniqueness of the carbon footprint of children's education buildings in educational-type buildings. Based on the architectural drawings, the structural details such as beams, columns, floor slabs, interior and exterior walls, and doors and windows of this kindergarten were analyzed in detail. This research result provides a reference for the design of other such buildings that adopt sustainable design concepts. The assessment showed that the total life cycle carbon emissions of the A1-A5 modules were 275 tCO2e/m2, and the Scors rating was only a D grade. Through sensitivity analysis, it was found that replacing low-strength or precast concrete could effectively reduce the carbon content of the building.
Carbon footprint; kindergarten buildings; embodied carbon; life cycle.
Application Research of BIM in the Construction Phase
Combined with various practical project cases, this paper systematically studies the practical achievements and development trends of the basic applications, innovative applications, and "BIM+" integrated applications of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology in the construction phase. It clarifies the core value of BIM technology for construction enterprises in improving management efficiency, reducing costs, and ensuring quality and safety, provides technical application references for industry practitioners, and contributes to promoting the in-depth implementation and innovative development of BIM technology in the field of building construction.
BIM Technology; Construction Phase; Collaborative Application.
Staircase Wear Simulation and Nondestructive Assessment Based on an Optimized Archard Model
Staircase wear constitutes critical archaeological evidence for reconstructing usage patterns and occupation dynamics. This study introduces a Staircase Wear Model for simulating the formation and evolution of tread wear and a complementary Stair Wear Assessment Model for non-destructive evaluation across diverse contexts. An Optimized Archard framework relates stepwise material loss to use frequency through calibrated contact mechanics, accommodating heterogeneous substrates and surface conditions. Directional asymmetries are addressed by a Traveling Direction Judgment Model that distinguishes ascent and descent trajectories and maps their respective load paths onto tread geometry. Crowd effects are incorporated via an improved strategy that infers concurrent user groups, estimates effective capacity, and delineates same-wear regions reflecting spatial interactions among footprints. The integrated workflow yields temporally plausible wear fields, supports inverse inference of circulation intensity and preferred movement directions, and provides reproducible indicators for comparing staircases within and between sites. Emphasis on interpretability, computational efficiency, and compatibility with photogrammetry or 3D scanning inputs facilitates routine application in archaeological documentation, conservation planning, and hypothesis testing.
Archard Wear Model, Archaeological Analysis of Staircases, Staircase Usage Patterns.
Application of Intelligent Technology in the Construction Phase of Port Engineering
Port engineering serves as a core hub and strategic infrastructure in the development of the national coastal economy. Although modern port engineering exhibits trends of larger scale, deeper draft, and higher specialization, the construction phase is confronted multiple challenges, including large project scale, tight construction schedules, poor information transmission and significant interference from natural factors such as offshore wind, waves, and geological conditions, as well as frequent cross-operation of various types of personnel and mechanical equipment. The traditional construction management modes suffer from information silos, resulting in superficial application of construction data analysis, and inability to proactively identify and early warn risks; thus, an effective solution is urgently needed. This article focuses on the application of intelligent technology in the construction phase of port engineering. Based on a systematic review of recent related research literature, this paper summarizes the specific applications of intelligent technology and finds that it has significant advantages in improving the efficiency of emergency response, optimizing resource allocation, and reducing energy consumption in construction progress and resource optimization, safety management, and ecological environmental protection. At the end of the paper, the author reflects on the potential application challenges of intelligent technology in the port environment and prospects its future development path.
Port engineering; construction phase; intelligent technology; application.
Analysis of the Comprehensive Coordination Role of The Smart Command Center in Intelligent Infrastructure
After China entered the stage of high-quality development, the government and relevant departments have made it crucial to use data algorithm-based construction methods to improve the construction efficiency of construction projects. For example, Geographic Information System (GIS) big data maps and Building Information Modeling(BIM) modeling have been successively invested in urban and rural construction projects. Of course, the integration of technology into architectural requirements is becoming increasingly comprehensive. To further explore this phenomenon, this article introduces the concept of a smart command center. Starting from the practical aspects, including the challenges of infrastructure projects, design drawing, and construction requirements during the construction phase, it will elaborate on the corresponding detailed technical integration and simplification solutions. Especially during the construction phase, the two-way integration of BIM5D technology and the command center allows the construction project to form a digital twin. This technology significantly optimizes the supervision and coordination of construction projects. Finally, the article highlights the importance of utilizing smart command centers in data integration, efficient construction coordination, and simulated construction, and looks forward to the deeper application of command centers in future smart infrastructure, leaving room for imagination the sustainable development of the construction industry.
Infrastructure construction; intelligent command center; artificial intelligence; big data.
Digitalization of Engineering Archives Management Based on Building Information Modeling Technology
The large-scale development of various engineering projects in China has led to a significant increase in the workload of engineering archive management. However, traditional engineering archive management still relies on paper documents and Computer-Aided Design (CAD) drawings. Even with the beginnings of digitalization, engineering archive management is inherently fragmented and inefficient, with low utilization value. Building Information Modeling (BIM), with its advantages of visualization and coordination, can effectively integrate information within engineering archive management, improving collaborative efficiency. However, there are still many challenges that need to be solved by simply combining BIM technology with engineering archive management. Currently, scholars are actively integrating BIM with digital twins, a combination that can effectively address these challenges. Finally, this article proposes the future development direction of combining artificial intelligence technology with building information modeling (BIM). The integration of artificial intelligence and BIM models can revolutionize the technical path of engineering archive management, while achieving comprehensive upgrades in the theoretical framework, cognitive depth, and safety management.
Engineering archive management; building information modeling; digital twin; artificial intelligence.
Integration of BIM and Emerging Information Technologies: Paths and Challenges for Driving Intelligent Construction Management
The convergence of core and emerging technologies increasingly drives the digital transformation of the construction industry. This paper systematically explores the integrated application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) with technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and Augmented/Virtual Reality (AR/VR) in construction management, alongside the inherent challenges. Findings indicate that BIM-AI integration facilitates design optimization, error detection, and progress tracking; BIM-IoT combination enables dynamic monitoring via a “virtual model + real-time data” paradigm; big data analytics empower BIM for progress correction and risk early-warning; and AR/VR technologies significantly enhance model visualization and immersive collaboration. These integrations collectively enhance decision-making, risk control, and operational efficiency throughout the project lifecycle. However, major challenges persist, including data heterogeneity between BIM and IoT, non-standardized data hindering AI training, and technical bottlenecks in BIM-AR/VR model conversion and rendering. To overcome these barriers and harness the full potential of integrated BIM, this study proposes systematic countermeasures, including a general data fusion framework, semantic standardization, cloud-edge computing, and an intermediate conversion layer. The study further identifies the development of digital twin systems as a key future direction to achieve multi-source data closed-loop interaction. This evolution is envisioned to propel the construction industry toward unprecedented levels of intelligence and management refinement.
Building Information Modeling (BIM); Construction Management; Digital Twin; Data Integration; Information Technology Integration.
Electrical Control Method of Intelligent Building
Under the current background of China, aging and high energy consumption have become the main obstacles to the acceleration of urbanization. Most of the old residential areas have problems such as low efficiency of parking space management and disorderly internal road planning. At present, most of the office rooms and buildings in China generally have the problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency. In order to better meet the needs of the market and the "double carbon" goal, a variety of intelligent control technologies are applied to traditional buildings. For example, the introduction of high-tech equipment to old residential areas can make more accurate and efficient design of roads and parking spaces, and improve the comfort and safety of residents. At the same time, sensors are installed in high-rise commercial buildings to detect energy consumption data and indoor parameters in real time, improve the application efficiency of energy, achieve the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction, and comprehensively upgrade and transform it in the direction of "intelligence" and "digitization".
Intelligent; energy-saving; efficient; sustainable development; precise management.
Application of Smart Construction Technology in Green Building Design
Against the backdrop of the rising global demand for sustainable development, coupled with challenges like climate change and resource shortages, the construction industry — a major sector in terms of energy consumption and carbon emissions, has embraced green building as a crucial direction in design. Intelligent construction technology provides critical support for the implementation of green buildings. This paper systematically explores the innovative use of Intelligent Construction Tech in Green Building Design Processes, analyzing its specific use in the initial design stage, design process, and result verification & optimization stage: In the initial stage, parametric design combined with BIM, big data, and intelligent decision-making systems lays the green foundation; in the process, intelligent algorithm optimization, automated generation, and auxiliary systems improve efficiency; in result verification, simulation, data analysis feedback, and sustainable evaluation tools optimize outcomes. This research provides a practical path for the green and low-carbon restructuring of the construction industry.
Smart Construction Technology; Green Building; Design of Architecture.